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Numerous other Scientologist-run services and organizations come from the umbrella organization World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which accredits the usage of Hubbard's management doctrines, and circulates directories of WISE-affiliated organizations. WISE needs those who wish to become Hubbard management seeks advice from to finish training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be undertaken at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the campuses of the Hubbard College of Administration, which uses a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


Another well-known WISE-affiliated service is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications consist of Federal government Technology and Converge magazines. The Center for Digital Federal government is a division of e. Republic that was established in 1999. Web ISP EarthLink was founded by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology enterprise.




This area needs growth. You can help by adding to it. In order to assist in the continued expansion of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the type of powerful or reputable people. Scientology Perth. Though it has achieved some trustworthiness as a religion in lots of countries, Scientology has actually likewise been explained as both a cult and a company.

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For instance, it has actually been kept in mind to engage in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by identifying as Fair Video game individuals it perceives as its opponents. In 1979, a number of Scientology members were founded guilty for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the biggest theft of government files in U.S.


Scientologists were likewise convicted of scams, manslaughter and tampering with witnesses in French cases, destructive libel versus attorney Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religious beliefs in America, religious scholar Jacob Neusner specifies that Scientology's "high level of exposure" might be viewed as "threatening to established social institutions".


From 1952 until 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was incorporated in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the Internal Revenue Service stripped all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, declaring Scientology's activities were commercial and run for the advantage of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, however its growth continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology remained in 52 nations by the time the 80s was available in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church sued and lost consistently for 26 years attempting to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was eventually settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than IRS had initially demandedand the IRS acknowledged the church as a tax-exempt not-for-profit organization.


Scientology mentions its tax exemption as evidence the United States government accepts it as a religious beliefs. In January 2009, removal of the tax exemption was rated as number 9 in items for the incoming Barack go to my blog Obama administration to examine, as figured out in an internet survey run by the presidential transition group obtaining public input for the inbound administration.

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State Department has actually criticized Western European nations for discrimination versus Scientologists in its published yearly International Religious Liberty report, based upon the International Religious Flexibility Act of 1998. In some countries Scientology is dealt with legally as a commercial enterprise, and not as a faith or charitable company. [] In early 2003, in navigate here Germany, The Church of Scientology was granted a tax-exemption for the 10% license costs sent out to the United States. The word Scientology (and many associated terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a registered hallmark. Religious Technology Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a hard line on people and groups who attempt to utilize it in ways unaffiliated with the main Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard designated Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of particular aspects of legal protection for the CoS in 1968 and the Workplace of The Guardian was developed with its head office situated at Saint Hill Manor - Scientology Perth. Under The Guardian's Workplace (later renamed the Workplace of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted staff from Bureau One later organized and committed one of the largest penetration of United States federal companies ever perpetrated by an organization not connected with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution explained their actions why not check here as such: The criminal activity committed by these accuseds is of a breadth and scope formerly unheard of. No structure, office, desk, or file was safe from their sleuthing and spying. No person or organization was totally free from their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has also in the past made use of aggressive methods in dealing with those it views as attempting to reduce them, referred to as Suppressive Persons (SPs) first described by Hubbard as part of a policy called level playing field. Perth Scientology. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having authored, a 1970 expos book about the Church and its founder.


Using blank paper understood to have been dealt with by Cooper, Scientologists forged bomb hazards in her name. When fingerprints on them matched hers, the Justice Department started prosecution, which could have sent out Cooper to jail for a lengthy term. The Church's plan was discovered at the same time as its Operation Snow White actions were revealed.